Art History: Filippo Brunelleschi Scuptor and Architect of the Renaissan

Filippo Brunelleschi was one of the greatest sculptors and architects of the Renaissance. His architectural achievements consist of some of the most well known and impressive structures not only of the Renaissance, but today. Not only were his structures amazing, but during his time he also invented new technology that would allow for his structures to be built. What would happen if Brunelleschi never designed architecture? We would have lost his inventions, his structures, and all of the work he inspired in other artists. Brunelleschi’s career path changed from sculpture to architecture after his loss to Ghiberti during the competition for the Eastern Doors of the Florentine Baptistery. If Brunelleschi had won that competition, architecture and art in the Renaissance, and even today would have been negatively affected. To understand how Brunelleschi came to be the artist he is, you need to look back to his childhood. Brunelleschi, during his youth, was showing that he was already capable of great things. His great-great-grandfather was a master physician, so there we can see evidence of technical skills being passed down. Brunelleschi’s father tried to push him into various career paths which didn’t involve art, such as being a physician, and a notary, but Brunelleschi showed little interest and was more drawn to manual labor, art, and things of greater utility. Utility by definition is the quality or state of being useful. We will eventually see several useful things come from Brunelleschi. His father realized that his son was going to do what he wanted, so he introduced him to a goldsmith where he learned to set stones and work with metal, which he quickly mastered and moved away from. He then moved... ... middle of paper ... ...ay have never discovered the secret to linear perspective, which was later used by not only architects, but painters as well, such as Masaccio's Holy Trinity fresco in 1427. All of the art that was ever inspired by Brunelleschi wouldn’t be here today. Brunelleschi barely lost the competition for the eastern doors of the Baptistry, and that may have been the most defining moment of the Renaissance. Annotated Bibliography Paatz, Walter. The arts of the Italian Renaissance: painting, sculpture, architecture. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1974. Partridge, Loren W.. The art of Renaissance Rome, 1400-1600. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996. Turner, Richard. Renaissance Florence: the invention of a new art. New York: H.N. Abrams, 1997. Vasari, Giorgio. Lives of the painters, sculptors architects. London, Toronto: J.M. Dent, 1927.

Competitive Marketing Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Competitive Marketing Strategy - Essay Example Mitchell and Butler focus mainly on increasing its food line and succeeded at increasing the market share. However the profit resulted from increasing market share and sales amounts are loss in the operation of the company. Diversification strategy is producing good results, but there are several segments where the group is over optimistic and produces over capacity. I believe that the diversification strategy, which is intended to receive gain from many segments, could present a future problem. Corporate strategy of expanding brand lines is proven to be working properly up to today. However, enhanced management capabilities to handle problems of strategic alliances should be developed in order to maintain cooperation and harmony among existing brands. Therefore, the key strengths for Mitchell and Butler in restaurant industry in the U.K. are its diversification strategy and segmental focus. In addition the company is also able to increase market share in certain segments. The company has realized the importance of addressing various customers' demands that I believe will help the company to sustain in today's fierce competition in restaurant business in the U.K. The company says that it will continue to evolve and develop its pubs and restaurants outlets in order to meet the needs and tastes of the British public while strengthening its position as the UK's leading managed pub operator. II.1.2 Weaknesses The major weakness of Mitchell and Butler is the inability of the company to turn the valuable brand equity of Mitchell and Butler into efficient financial performance. I think the cause of the inefficiency in the company is its unplanned diversification strategy. Compares to five major competitors as mentioned above, I can see that its competitors have ability to make profit from its operation. II.1.3 Opportunities There are several factors that influence an opportunities of a business. They include following items: 1. Customers' Confidence 2. Demographic trends 3. European Presence Concerning the issue on operator of pubs and restaurants' business, I see that Mitchell & Butler has great opportunities in providing the business since dance music based nightclubs have been around for approximately twenty years [and still become a profitable business to conduct]. II.1.4 Threats In addition to strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities; I found that Mitchell & Butler also faces potential threats as following: 1. Volatility of Demand Pub and restaurant still becomes attractive business. However, there are times when the would be a shifting from attending Mitchell & Butler-typed business to another hanging out places like cafes. 2. Strong Competition Despite being defined as specialized sector of the leisure services, the pub and restaurant industry is in direct competition with other hospitality services like hotels that also have their own pubs and restaurants. II.2 PEST II.2.1 Political PEST Analysis is a way of dividing the factors influencing businesses into four different groups. The first is Political factors. Political situations have a huge impact on business regulation. The stability of the political environment, international trade agreements, religion, cultural

Strategies for effective college level writing; Essay

Strategies for effective college level writing; - Essay Example The first strategy that a college student should adopt is coming up with a sequential strategy for developing composition. The first step should be to come up with a pre-write. Writing early and often can help a student to become acquainted with writing essays. It is also important to use diagrams to develop thought pattern which will give the student a better perspective on the subject of the essay. It is also a good habit to write at least two drafts before writing the final paper. After developing the draft, the next step is revising the draft based on the advice from peers and instructors. Finally, the student should make a habit of proofreading the final draft and correcting grammatical errors and other errors before writing the final paper (Bezbatchenko, 2013). No matter the level of complexity the assignment involves, the best papers are always the ones that were as a result of a carefully planned approach. That means that one has to plan the available time carefully to avoid last minute rush and a poorly written paper. Students are advised to ensure that they have planned times to start and end writing. Therefore, one will be compelled to start writing when the time arrives. This is important since it will help the student avoid procrastination. One will also need time to do research, brainstorm ideas, organize materials, process and analyze ideas, write and re-write the paper. Students have a habit of writing shallow content in their papers. This is a result of poor research and poor time management. Unless one has been specifically instructed to write a research paper, college level writing involves more than collecting information from various sources and writing them as a college paper. It is important for a student to establish a unique perspective on the topic. As one searches for information, one should consider developing their own voices in the paper. The paper should be written with

Teenagers in Depression :: essays research papers

It has come to my attention, that there are quite a few, or need I say many people who have problems with themselves and are in a state of depression. There are many stories that I have read and also dealt with myself about the different causes of this extreme low self esteem. Why does it seem like no one understands us? Why do we have to feel this way? The solution is to simply end everything because then there will be no suffering. No no, that’s no answer to any problem. We as teenagers have to show our strength to fight this confusing and demanding period of our lives. I will elaborate on just one or two of the many reasons depression strikes once again.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A big factor that many are quite familiar with is self injury. May it be burning, cutting, or other harmful actions to oneself, it is certainly not healthy. What exactly is the reason for inflicting injury upon ourselves? Do we even know? Personally, my cutting started all because of something pretty dumb if you ask me. I hurt the best person to me in the world and I messed everything up that I had with them. He told me time and time again how horribly I broke his heart and each time it felt like a knife was being stabbed through my heart deeper and deeper. I couldn’t take it anymore; I went mad. I picked up a knife one day and sliced my arm. What on earth was happening? Well, it seems that I took all the hurt that I have caused him and put it physically on me. If he had to hurt so much, well then I should suffer just as much. It’s been over a year now since I have started it and well, as many know it becomes quite addictive†¦you can’t s eem to stop. The last time that I have cut myself was about 2 weeks ago, and I’m proud staying away from the blade that long. I know that if I try really hard I can overcome the temptation of simply hurting myself to take away the stress and tension built up inside. Instead I go for a run or crank my music up really loud and let out all the negative energy that is slowly manifesting inside my body. No matter what the reason is though for hurting yourself, the point that I want to make across is that it’s not worth it.

The Educational and Race Issue on Everyday Use

Final Semester Take Home Test : Everyday Use Auliya Atika F. Auliya Atika F. Mr. Gindho Rizano M. Hum Prose II May 24, 2012 Final Task Examination The Educational and Race Issue in Everyday Use Everyday Use is a part of the short story collection In Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Woman (1973) by Alice Walker (Wikipedia). Alice Walker is an African – American blooded who often made issues about African – American itself mostly in her works . Everyday Use is one of her outstanding work which got many appreciation from literary’s devotees.This story itself is telling about an unlucky family who consist of Mama and her two daughters, where is a quarrel between Mama and her oldest daughter and also how her youngest daughter who have a very self low-esteem perceive any conflicts at their home. For this chance, I want to discuss the related topic which prominent enough to this stories, there are two things I want to discuss, the first is the educational issues betwe en the characters, especially about the contrary among Mama and Maggie with Dee.And the second is race issues which contain in some parts of this story. The characters of Mama and Maggie in this story described is not get a good education facilities because of some unexperctable problem: â€Å"I never had an education myself. After second grade the school was closed down† (page 3). Although she and her youngest sister just couldn’t reach the proper education, her oldest sister, Dee could enjoy school until college now and she even studied in a prestigious boarding Final Semester Take Home Test : Everyday Use Auliya Atika F. school at other city.Dee at her sixteen age already have her own unique style, from head to toe, so bright and colorful, and ever her hairstyle which Mama can’t tolerance it anymore from the bottom of her heart: â€Å"A dress down to the ground, in this hot weather. A dress so loud it hurts my eyes †¦. I feel my whole face warming from the heat waves it throws out† (page 4). Mama actually hopes by sending Dee to the highest level of education, she could get into the moment to share any knowledge as large as Dee got from school: â€Å"†¦we raised the money, the church and me, to send her to Augusta to school. † (page 2).And the best point of expentacy of Mama sending her to school is in order to Dee more appreciate her in any things. Mama hopes Dee could appreciate Mama’s large and manly body, Mama’s dark skin, and how Mama acted like a strong man and she loves it a lots. It is a very simple hope from a mother to a daughter actually, but Dee definitely couldn’t make it at all. Dee just come back home after a long time since the last time she came with her more arrogant style towards her own family. She even greet Mama with the strange greetings language â€Å"Wa-su-zo Tean-o,†, which actually an African language.She comes to home with a strange boy who she introduced to Mama as her boyfriend. Her lofty style towards Mama, and how she threats Mama and Maggie bad, as she’s much better on any points than both of them are the result of what we get from studied on years. She’s just alienated herself and make her own arrogant cogitation about her life. Ironically Maggie who just never left home and having a traumatic problems because of she almost burned of fire at her home in the past. Her body just shuffled when she walks and her chin always bend down. She’s kind of a very nervous girl and just taking anything given to her.She’s very unconfindent with her lack of education and very suffered of her serious shyness towards society out there. Eventhough Mama always says to her that someday she will marry John Thomas and sooner after then will gain her self confident and could be a stronger woman. We can see the ironic contradiction between those two siblings and how education and the lack of it could give them dangerous impact s to their each other life. Final Semester Take Home Test : Everyday Use Auliya Atika F. The race issue also coloring this story in some aspects.Alice Walker itself actually is African-American and like to mold the topic about race on her works. The stories in the collection book where this short stories published is taking the setting place around Walker’s home where contains of cultural mixing between the modern New York City and the East Africa Nation Uganda (Sparknotes). And also the characters in this story possibly reflected the author’s family. Walker is the youngest child of eight children in her family. Shes growing up during 1960’s-1970’s, and during that time she must to do a lot of work in her young age.Woman in this era still expected to do the house works stuff, such cooked, cleaned the house, etc. But it is actually is quite different with this story, because Mama ever tell about how she is doing some works which man used to do it, and in t he actual African-American tradition, it is not suitable for woman who doing the man’s work: I am a large, big-boned woman with rough, man-working hands. . . . I wear flannel nightgowns to bed and overalls during the day. I can kill a hog as mercilessly as a man. My fat keeps me hot in zero weather.I can work outside all day, breaking ice to get water for washing; I can eat pork liver cooked over the open fire minutes after it comes steaming from the hog. One winter I knocked a bull calf straight in the brain between the eyes with a sledge hammer and had the meat hung up to chill before nightfall. (page 1). We can observe the racism elements in this story firstly through Mama’s character. How she described her own appearance and and her life background and also how people think of her: â€Å"Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye? (page 2). Another point which indicate the race element in this story is how Mama is comparing the skin color between she and her daughters: â€Å"Dee is lighter than Maggie, with nicer hair and a fuller figure. † (page 2). The African traditional culture in this stories also could be seen in the last part which Mama is arguing with Dee concerning the quilts, as their family heritage. Dee is really wanting the quilts, but Mama keep insistent to grant the grandmother’s command to give them to Maggie, it is a culture or that she keeps Final Semester Take Home Test : Everyday Use Auliya Atika F. n and don’t want to break it: â€Å"I†¦snatched the quilts out of Miss Wangero’s hands and dumped them into Maggie’s lap†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (page 9). The quilts itself used to wear and as a piece of uniforms that Dee’s grandfather wore during the civil war, it could be a symbolizes about Black-American suffering experiences. We could also observe the race issue through Dee’s character. The change of Dee’s n ame into an African name â€Å"Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo† actually because she wants to protest being named after the people who have oppressed her: â€Å"I couldn’t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me† (Page 4)..By changing her name, she seemed doesn’t want to be associated with her family’s culture and she feels freedom after her name have changed. And although her new name is African name, but she doesn’t related it at all into her family. After being a more educational and smart woman who studied until the high level, Dee even felt ashamed with her family reality life: â€Å"She wrote me once that no matter where we â€Å"choose† to live, she will manage to come see us. But she will never bring her friends. † (page 3). She is even unaware to comprehend herself to learn making quilts, a traditional heritage from her family.She just looked the quilts through the material value, not from heritage va lue. Heritage or generation, it is not a symbolize of her family traditions, she just wear it without any meaning at all. Dee’s view on the value of family culture and tradition value seemed very contrast with Mama and her sister, Maggie. Mama and Maggie think that traditions are something eternal and no longer definited as an â€Å"Everyday Use†, it is always planted in their heart and mind as an admiration to their ancestors who have built these traditions since a very long time ago.As in the beginning of the story, Mama as a narrator proudly introduced herself as a strong African-American woman. Obviously we can conclude that the both issues I discuss this time is very related to each other in this story. The first is the educational issue that happened among the main characters, Mama and Maggie with Dee. Mama and Maggie who forced to give up their school since the beginner grade is very contrary with Dee who could continue her study until the high level, college. B ut the high education that Dee could Final Semester Take Home Test : Everyday UseAuliya Atika F. reach apparently couldn’t shape her become into a polite woman and a good children. She’s become arrogant with her high intellectual level, she unaware with her family cultural and traditions and even more underestimate her mother. And although Mama and Maggie are low in educational, but they have a highly appreciation to their own culture and tradition. So, the second issue which is about race could joint to the previous issue, the educational issue. Alice Walker is very famous to drop the race issue in her mostly works.In this story the race issues could we find out through the characteristics of especially Mama and Dee. Dee who have been in the year of college, but her appreciation to their family tradition is become weaker and make her be arrogant and underestimating her own family. Her intellect maybe has been killed her respect. So the education couldn’t determ ine someone become also better in her mindset and behavior. Works Cited Walker, Alice. Love and Trouble: Stories of Black Woman: Everyday Use. 1973 Klarer, Mario. An Introduction to Literary Studies (Second Edition). (London: Routledge, 2004) 103-115. www. wikipedia. org/Everyday_Use

Unemployment and Crime - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1620 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category Society Essay Level High school Topics: Unemployment Essay Did you like this example? I. Introduction For a long time, crime has been the most irritating issue among social disorders. Individual in society are always concern about crime and the its implication it has on society and country. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Unemployment and Crime" essay for you Create order People are always scared about what happen in their community and always look forward to ways the can reduce or stop it. Many factors go into why crime always happen in society but the most common one we always look at is whether the individual involved in crime have prior history of it. Unemployment has always factored that society believes it causes crime. Individuals with employment means they out of job out and at lost wage. Can unemployment be the cause of crime in society? In my paper, I will look at the connection between crime and Unemployment in the united states using Secondary Data analysis avoid to me. Notwithstanding, I will also examine the connections between crime and other major factor such as, stress, education, neighborhoods and age and look at what can be done to reduce recidivism rate for unemployed individuals involved in criminal activities. Also, it important to have information and better understanding on how these factors affect criminal activity and discover possible solution and suggestion in future II. Literature Review 1) Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime (Raphael Winter-Ember, 2001) analyzes the connection that exist between unemployment and crime. The author used U.S. state data to find how unemployment rate of the country plays a major role on the effect the seven felony offenses: burglary, larceny, auto theft, murder, rape, robbery and assault The initial three crimes are all of property crimes whiles the rest are violent crimes .The author find a good existence between unemployment and property crimes but shows less for violent crimes. 2) Poverty and Crime Besbris, Friedson, Sharkey, 2016 in their book shows how poverty is related to crime on both individual and community level by using the rational choice theory. They clarify the possibility of crime to happen, the offender mostly weighs in the cost and benefit they get from it. Individuals living in poverty are most likely to be involved in crime as the only way to escape from their present circumstance. The author used different theories to lifibrate their stance on poverty and crime, but have less empirical evidence to their claims 3) Unemployment and crime: Neighborhood level panel approach Andresen 2012 examine the relationship between the state of economy and its effect on unemployment .By doing so they look to examining the facts that goes into it such as motivation for crime .The author looks into the relationships between unemployment and crime using the neighbhood level date and hybrid ,regression methods and also the look at different mechanisms which as rational choice theory, strain theory ,and opportunity theory which divide these models and looks at the effect of employment into motivation and opportunity facts; that is ,opportunity effect dominates the motivation effect ,particularly for property crime . 4) The Effect of Education on Crime; Evidence from Inmates, Arrest and Self -Report Lochner and Moretti 2003, talks about different ways in which education can have positive impact on crime for offenders. The author shows empirical evidences to support their claims that shows that people who have an advanced education are less likely to commit crime and always try to stay out of crime because they know what lays ahead them and expand their future working chances. They do by looking into the recidivism rate for individuals release from prison and being provided with necessary tool they will need better their life same as the arrest and self-report among offenders. 5) Link between unemployment and Crime in the U.S: The A Markov -Switching approach Fallahi, and Rodr? ­guez, (2014) use the Markov-switching approach find the different ways in which unemployment rate and the four different of property crimes in the U.S.They do so my showing empirical correlation within the that exist between unemployment rate and property crime .They found that there is good chance but not relate important relation between unemployment rate ,Burglary ,larceny and robbery to occur but unemployment have a bad influence on motor-vehicle theft . III. Methods; Existing /Secondary Data The Department of Labors Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) publishes information on employment and wages by occupation, including career information, employment levels and projections, and various types of earnings data each year to determine the raise and fall of employment in the society , The United States Census Bureau is also other agency of the U.S. Federal Statistical System, that primary also publish data that indicate the r producing data every 10 years . The UCR Program, by the FBI, began in 1929 and collects information on crimes reported to law enforcement authorities: murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson. The FBI annually publishes their findings in the spring of the following each year, followed by a detailed annual report, Crime in the United States, issued in the fall. National Institute of Justice provides data on the recidivism rate in the U.S based on the number of inmates that are released in the past three years and check if they have be rearrests ,reconviction or return to prison with or without new sentence .Recidivisms may be defined individuals committing crimes after their release and receives another sanctions or intervention for the past crimes. IV. Independent and Dependent Variable Unemployment, education, Recidivism rate among inmates, motivation of offenders on property crime are the independent variables, while crime rate is the dependent variable? The Unity of analysis in my paper will be Individuals: Inmates that just release, those that got arrested, and those reporting themselves to their parole officers and Groups .To fully understand this research and make suggestion, I look at then unemployment rate of the nation which is current around 4.1%.that is big step forward as nation why is crime always occurring in society frequently? Anybody that is out of job and at the loss of wage it this result can be classify as Unemployed Education is something that be define as process of acquiring knowledge through institution, such as university, Vocational schools and many more. Am going to measure all these variables and getting better understanding of them. By doing so am to compare and see these the difference them. Looking at the number of individuals with Hig h education, they are less likely to commit crimes as to those with lower education. That is because the those with high education have a better chance of getting themselves better playing jobs and have more education level and understand how society operate more better those with lower Education .2.7% as of 2015 but has decline to 0.6% in the recent years. are the people with college degree and yet still unemployed? That that represent 0.5% of prison population. Recidivism is variable that needs to be investigate as 68.8% of people release from prison are likely to be rearrested because they come out with no or low education or vocational skills that can help them live life without going back there again. with most of this inmate coming without low or no education. Property crime offenders are more likely to be arrested for the same crime because it easy to break in others house and steal from them when they are around. Crime rate has fallen as compare decades ago, yet the society has a fear and believed that crime is on the raise. The FBI report dedicate that viole nt crimes and property crime declining 2.6% in 2015. Motivation among offenders is something most research ignore when they are investigating why these individuals are always on edge to part of such crimes. Induvial who have engaged in criminal activities looks at the opportunity available to them to reengage in crimes. These offenders are more likely to turn back to crime to better their living condition in order not be part of poverty line which continue to grow to 12.7% with average house income of $24,339. Unemployment has a great cause of property crime during due to the existing off in models of aggregate property crime as well as models of individual felonies. However, there wasnt many consistencies was found for violent crime during the time of research but moreover did find out that more for the crimes of murder and rape, the initial results indicate that unemployment is negatively related to these crimesThe results from this study indicate that unemployment and crime depend highly on the cost of unemployment in a larger persp ective. According to the results of this study, it seems that higher unemployment does not solely lead to expenses directly related to unemployment, but also have indirect effects in the form of increased property crime but less effect on other crime. Ethics: Belmont reports which enforce three Ethical Concern: Respect for person, Beneficence and Justice but since am working only with secondary data and statics, there is nowhere in my research that I violate rules but rather my research will help provide details regarding employment for individuals in order to prevent them from criminal activities. My research was not bias or discriminatory but fair when it comes to the method, I applied Citation Raphael, S., Winter?Ebmer, R. (2001). Identifying the Effect of Unemployment on Crime. J Andresen, M. A. (2012). Unemployment and crime: A neighborhood level panel data approach. Social Science Research, 41(6), 1615-1628. doe: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.07.003 Journal of Law Economics, 44(1), 259-283. doi:10.1086/320275 Fallahi, F., Rodr? ­guez, G. (2014). Link between unemployment and crime in the US: A markov-switching approach. Social Science Research, 45, 33-45. doi: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.12.007. Besbris, M., Friedson, M., Sharkey, P. (2016) The Oxford Handbook of the Social Science of Poverty Lochner, L., Moretti, E. (2003) The Effect of Education on Crime: Evidence from Prison Inmate, Arrests and Self- Reports.

Western Influence in China and Japan Essay - 1649 Words

China and Japan are two unique civilizations that went through similar, yet vastly different changes throughout their histories. Their growth and response to other nations differed in many ways in government, lifestyle, and general well-being. One of the main causes for such difference between the countries is the way the West influenced each region, and the way China and Japan responded to this influence. China focused more on the idea of being a status oriented society, while Japan was more goal oriented based. In China, anyone had the ability to better themselves and change their status through civil examinations given by the government. Western impact however slowly changed this old age system. Japans caste system viewed†¦show more content†¦Life was not idle in China as everyone had something to do. Based on Confucian values, groups and classes respected each other and their work knowing the value of each. Chiangs father further demonstrated this by being an hon est and generous man, respected by the people of the village in particular and surrounding districts generally (Chiang 29). By giving honor and reverence to others, Chiangs father in turn received such respect. His benevolence was noticed by the community and thus treated him in a higher light. However, relation with other classes was not always bright, especially in other nations. Chiang describes his encounters in America as he says California was not so hospitable a land socially for the Chinese as to make on feel congenial or at ease (Chiang 68). Regardless of being part of the elite class, he was not always treated with the utmost status. Skin color and national origin created barriers between individuals and societies in general. Chinese elites relations with the other classes embodied more than the typical notion of master and servant. 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